<µ¿¿µ»óº¸·¯°¡±â>
Description:
Fungi
have many features in common with plants. They often grow in soil and do not
move from place to place. Fungi they lack the distinguishing features of plants
such as stems, leaves, flowers or fruits.
¹ö¼¸À̳ª °õÆÎÀÌ °°Àº ±Õ·ù(Fungi)´Â ½Ä¹°°ú ¸¹Àº °øÅëÁ¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ·Î Èë¿¡¼ Àڶ󳪸ç ÇѰ÷¿¡ °íÁ¤µÇ¾î À̵¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±Õ·ù´Â ÁÙ±â, ÀÙ, ²É, ¿¸Å¿Í °°Àº ½Ä¹°¸¸ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
Transcription:
Narrator:Mushrooms are part
of an independent classification of organisms called fungi. Although they live
in soil and stay in one place, distinguishing them from moving animals, they
are fundamentally different from plants. Scientists previously categorized them
as plants, but later noted that fungi lack traditional plant components such as
stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Additionally, they are unable to generate
energy via photosynthesis.
There are
approximately 50,000 known types of fungi, ranging in form from truffles and
puffballs to molds and mildews. Most of these organisms are multicellular,
though specific examples like yeast are unicellular. To survive, fungi act as
decomposers by breaking down dead organic material from plants and animals to
gather nutrients. This function helps recycle environmental waste back into
fertile soil nutrients within an ecosystem.
Unlike
common flora, fungi propagate without seeds by releasing microscopic spores
into the air, which grow into new organisms upon landing. Certain types can be
harmful by causing illnesses or spoiling food products. However, many species
are highly useful to humans, serving as a direct food source, facilitating food
production via yeast, or providing critical medicines such as penicillin
derived from Penicillium mold.
³»·¹ÀÌÅÍ: ¹ö¼¸Àº ±Õ·ù(fungi)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ »ý¹° ºÐ·ù±º¿¡ ¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï Èë¿¡¼ »ì¾Æ°¡¸ç ÇѰ÷¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ¾î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â µ¿¹°°ú´Â ±¸º°µÇÁö¸¸, ±Õ·ù´Â ½Ä¹°°úµµ ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù. °ú°Å °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±Õ·ù¸¦ ½Ä¹°·Î ºÐ·ùÇßÀ¸³ª, ÀÌÈÄ ±Õ·ù¿¡´Â ÁÙ±â, ÀÙ, ²É, ¿¸Å¿Í °°Àº ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀ» ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ±Õ·ù´Â ±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀ» ÅëÇØ ½º½º·Î ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³»Áö ¸øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Æ®·¯ÇÃ(¼Û·Î¹ö¼¸)°ú ¸ÕÁö¹ö¼¸(puffballs)ºÎÅÍ °õÆÎÀÌ(molds)¿Í Èò°¡·çº´±Õ(mildews)¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, ÇöÀç ¾Ë·ÁÁø ±Õ·ùÀÇ Á¾·ù´Â ¾à 50,000Á¾¿¡ ´ÞÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È¿¸ð(yeast)¿Í °°Àº ƯÁ¤ »ç·Ê´Â ´Ü¼¼Æ÷ »ý¹°ÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý¹°Ã¼ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ´Ù¼¼Æ÷·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±Õ·ù´Â »ýÁ¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºÐÇØÀÚ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇϸç, µ¿½Ä¹°ÀÇ »çü µî À¯±â¹°À» ºÐÇØÇÏ¿© ¿µ¾çºÐÀ» ¾ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀº »ýÅÂ°è ³»¿¡¼ ȯ°æ Æó±â¹°À» ´Ù½Ã ºñ¿ÁÇÑ Åä¾ç ¿µ¾çºÐÀ¸·Î ¼øÈ¯½ÃŰ´Â µ¥ ±â¿©ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½Ä¹°°ú ´Þ¸® ±Õ·ù´Â Á¾ÀÚ(¾¾¾Ñ) ¾øÀÌ ¹ø½ÄÇϸç, °ø±â Áß¿¡ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ Æ÷ÀÚ¸¦ ¹æÃâÇÏ¿© Åä¾ç¿¡ ¾ÈÂøÇÏ¸é »õ·Î¿î »ý¹°Ã¼·Î ÀÚ¶ó³³´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² Á¾·ù´Â Áúº´À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°Å³ª À½½Ä¹°À» ºÎÆÐ½ÃÄÑ ÇØ¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸¹Àº Á¾ÀÌ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô ¾²À̴µ¥, ±× ÀÚü·Î Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ½Ä·®¿øÀÌ µÇ±âµµ Çϰí, È¿¸ð¸¦ ÅëÇØ ½Äǰ »ý»êÀ» µ½°Å³ª, Æä´Ï½Ç¸®¿ò(Penicillium) °õÆÎÀÌ¿¡¼ ÃßÃâÇÑ Æä´Ï½Ç¸°Ã³·³ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀǾàǰÀ» Á¦°øÇϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Question:
1. What structural features typical of
plants do fungi lack?
2. How do fungi obtain their energy since
they cannot photosynthesize?
3. In what ways are fungi beneficial to
human food production and medicine?